What Does Over-Unity Mean?

An over-unity claim says useful output exceeds the accounted input. Before accepting that ratio, define the entire system boundary and identify electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and RF inputs.

The system boundary is everything

Measurement error, transient stored energy and omitted inputs can make a demonstration look more impressive than its steady-state performance.

What to ask next

What is the claimed energy source? Where is the system boundary? What has actually been measured? Can an independent investigator reproduce the result? Those questions prevent terminology from substituting for evidence.

For the product-specific application of these ideas, see our Moray Generator review.